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Class XI (Theory)
One Paper Time: 3 Hours 70 marks
Unit No. Title Marks
Unit I Some Basic concepts of chemistry 3
Unit II Structure of Atom 6
Unit III Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 4
Unit IV Chemical Bonding and molecular Structure 5
Unit V States of Matter: Gases and Liquids 4
Unit VI Thermodynamics 6
Unit VII Equilibrium 6
Unit VIII Redox Reactions 3
Unit IX Hydrogen 3
Unit X S-Block Elements 5
Unit XI Some P-Block Elements 7
Unit XII Organic Chemistry: some basic Principles and Techniques 7
Unit XIII Hydrocarbons 8
Unit XIV Environmental Chemistry 3
Total 70
Unit: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry (Periods 14)
General Introduction: Importance and scope of chemistry.
Historical approach to particulate nature of matter, laws of
chemical combination. Dalton’s atomic
theory: concept of elements, atoms and molecules.
Atomic and molecular masses mole concept and molar mass: percentage
composition, empirical
and molecular formula chemical reactions, stoichiometry and
calculations based on stoichiometry.
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Unit II: Structure of Atom (Periods 16)
Discovery of electron, proton and neutron; atomic number, isotopes
and isobars. Thomson’s
model and its limitations, Rutherford’s model and its limitations.
Bohr’s model and its
limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter
and light, de Broglie’s
relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals,
quantum numbers,
shapes of s, p, and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in
orbitals - Aufbau principle, Pauli
exclusion principle and Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of
atoms, stability of half
filled and completely filled orbitals.
Unit III: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
(Periods 8)
Significance of classification, brief history of the development of
periodic table, modern
periodic law and the present form of periodic table, periodic trends
in properties of elements
-atomic radii, ionic radii. Ionization enthalpy, electron gain
enthalpy, electro negativity,
valence.
Unit IV: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure (Periods 16)
Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond: bond parameters. Lewis
structure, polar
character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond,
valence bond theory,
resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of
hybridization,
involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules,
molecular orbital;
theory of homo nuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only),
hydrogen bond.
Unit V: States of Matter: Gases and Liquids (Periods 14)
Three states of matter. Intermolecular interactions, type of
bonding, melting and boiling
points. Role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule,
Boyle’s law. Charles
law, Gay Lussac’s law, Avogadro’s law. Ideal behaviour, empirical
derivation of gas
equation, Avogadro’s number. Ideal gas equation. Derivation from
ideal behaviour,
liquefaction of gases, critical temperature.
Liquid State - Vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension
(qualitative idea only, no
mathematical derivations).
Unit VI: Thermodynamics (Periods16)
Concepts Of System, types of systems, surroundings. Work, heat,
energy, extensive and
intensive properties, state functions.
First law of thermodynamics - internal energy and enthalpy, heat
capacity and specific
heat, measurement of ΔU and ΔH, Hess’s law of constant heat
summation, enthalpy of:
bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation.
Phase transformation,
ionization, and solution.
Introduction of entropy as a state function, free energy change for
spontaneous and nonspontaneous
processes, criteria for equilibrium.
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Unit VII: Equilibrium (Periods 16)
Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of
equilibrium, law of mass
action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium - Le
Chatelier’s principle; ionic
equilibrium - ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak
electrolytes, degree of ionization,
concept of pH. Hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea). Buffer
solutions, solubility product, common
ion effect (with illustrative examples).
Unit VIII: Redox Reactions (Periods 6)
Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation
number, balancing redox reactions,
applications of redox reactions.
Unit IX : Hydrogen (Periods 8)
Position of hydrogen in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes,
preparation, properties and uses of
hydrogen; hydrides - ionic, covalent and interstitial; physical and
chemical properties of water,
heavy water; hydrogen peroxide-preparation, properties and
structure; hydrogen as a fuel.
Unit X: s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline earth metals) (Periods
14)
Group 1 and Group 2 elements:
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence,
anomalous properties of the first
element of each group, diagonal relationship, trends in the
variation of properties (such as ionization
enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii), trends in chemical reactivity
with oxygen, water, hydrogen and
halogens; uses.
Preparation and properties of some important compounds:
Sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodium
hydrogen carbonate,
biological importance of sodium and potassium.
CaO, CaCO3 and industrial use of lime and limestone, biological
importance of Mg and Ca
Unit XI: Some p-Block Elements (Periods 16)
General Introduction to p-Block Elements
Group 13 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration,
occurrence. Variation
of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity,
anomalous properties of first
element of the group; Boron- physical and chemical properties, some
important compounds:
borax, boric acids, boron hydrides. Aluminium: uses, reactions with
acids and alkalies.
Group 14 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration,
occurrence, variation
of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity,
anomalous behaviour of first
element, Carbon - catenation, allotropic forms, physical and
chemical properties; uses of some
important compounds: oxides.
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Important compounds of silicon and a few uses: silicon
tetrachloride, silicones, silicates and
zeolites.
Unit XII: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques
(Periods 14)
General introduction, methods of qualitative and quantitative
analysis, classification and
IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds
Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect,
electromeric effect, resonance
and hyper conjugation.
Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals,
carbocations, carbanions;
electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions
Unit XIII: Hydrocarbons (Periods 16)
Classification of hydrocarbons
Alkanes - Nomenclature, isomerism, conformations (ethane only),
physical properties, chemical
reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation,
combustion and pyrolysis.
Alkenes - Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene)
geometrical isomerism, physical
properties, methods of preparation; chemical reactions: addition of
hydrogen, halogen,
water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s addition and peroxide
effect), ozonolysis,
oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.
Alkynes - Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical
properties. Methods
of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes,
addition reaction of -
hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water.
Aromatic hydrocarbons: Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature; benzene:
resonance
aromaticity; chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic
substitution. – nitration
sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation:
directive influence
of functional group in mono-substituted benzene; carcinogenicity and
toxicity.
Unit XIV: Environmental Chemistry (Periods 6)
Environmental pollution - air, water and soil pollution, chemical
reactions in atmosphere,
smog, major atmospheric pollutants; acid rain, ozone and its
reactions, effects of depletion
of ozone layer, greenhouse effect and global warming - pollution due
to industrial wastes;
green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution,
strategy for control of
environmental pollution.
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Practicals
Evaluation Scheme for Examination Marks
Volumetric Analysis 10
Salt Analysis 6
Content Based Experiment 4
Class Record and Viva 5
Investigatory project 5
Total 30
PRACTICALS SYLLABUS Total Periods 60
A. Basic Laboratory Techniques (Periods 2)
1. Cutting glass tube and glass rod
2. Bending a glass tube
3. Drawing out a glass jet
4. Boring a cork
B. Characterization and purification of chemical substances (Periods
6)
1. Determination of melting point of an organic compound
2. Determination of boiling point of an organic compound
3. Crystallization of impure sample of anyone of the
following: Alum, copper sulphate, Benzoic acid.
C. Experiments related to pH change (Periods 6)
(a) Anyone of the following experiments:
Determination of pH of some solutions obtained from fruit juices,
varied
concentrations of acids. ,bases and salts using pH paper or
universal indicator.
Comparing the pH of solutions of strong and weak acid of same
concentration.
Study the pH change in the titration of a strong base using
universal indicator.
b) Study of pH change by common-ion effect in case of weak acids and
weak bases.
D. Chemical equilibrium (Periods 4)
One of the following experiments:
(a) Study the shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and
thiocyanate ions by increasing/
decreasing the concentration of either ions.
(b) Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co(H2O)6]2+ and chloride
ions by changing
the concentration of either of the ions.
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E. Quantitative estimation (Periods 16)
Using a chemical balance.
Preparation of standard solution of oxalic acid.
Determination of strength of a given solution of sodium hydroxide by
titrating it against
standard solution of oxalic acid.
Preparation of standard solution of sodium carbonate.
Determination of strength of a given solution of hydrochloric acid
by titrating it against
standard sodium carbonate solution.
F. Qualitative analysis (Periods 16)
Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt
Cations- Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+ A13+ Fe3 + Mn2+, Ni 2+, Zn2+, Co2+ Ca2+,
Sr2+, Ba 2 +, Mg 2 +, NH4 +
Anions- CO3
2-, S2-, SO3
2-, SO4
2-, NO2
–, NO3
–, Cl–, Br–, I– , PO4
3-, C2O2-
4, CH3COO–
(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)
G. Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, Chlorine (Periods 10)
bromine and iodine in an organic compound.
PROJECT (Periods 10)
Scientific investigations involving laboratory testing and
collecting information from other sources.
A Few suggested Projects
Checking the bacterial contamination in drinking water by testing
sulphide ion.
Study of the methods of purification of water.
Testing the hardness, presence of iron, fluoride, chloride etc.
depending upon the regional
variation in drinking water and the study of causes of presences of
these ions above
permissible limit (if any).
Investigation of the foaming capacity of different washing soaps and
the effect of addition
of sodium carbonate on them.
Study of the acidity of different samples of the tea leaves.
Determination of the rate of evaporation of different liquids.
Study of the effect of acids and bases on the tensile strength of
fibers.
Analysis of fruit and vegetable juices for their acidity.
Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10
period of work, can be chosen with
the approval of the teacher.
Recommended Textbooks.
1. Chemistry Part - I, Published by NCERT
2. Chemistry Part - II, Published by NCERT
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